1. Cell Biology
Cell as structural and functional unit of life
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells structural and ultra structural details
Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall)
Membranes-cell adhesion
Membrane transport and vesicular transport
Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, FR, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes,peroxisomes)
Cytoskelaton and microtubules
Nucleus, nucleus, nuclear pore complex
Chromatin and nucleosome
Cell signaling and cell receptors
Signal transduction
Mitosis and meiosis
Molecular basis of cell cycle
Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance
Chromatin organization and packaging of genome
Polytene chromosomes
B-chromosomes structural, behaviour and significance
2. Microbiology and Plant Pathology
Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses
viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma
Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution
Prion and Prion hypothesis
Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes
Modes of infection and disease resistance/defence mechanisms
PR proteins, Control measures
Mycotoxins
3. Cryptogams
Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes
pteridophytes- structure and reproduction from evolutionary viewpoint
Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance
4. Phanerogams
Gymnosperms; Concept of Progymnosperms
Classification and distribution of gymnosperms
Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction
General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales
Geological time scale
Type of fossils and their study techniques
Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogeny
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy
Evidence from, embryology and palynology
Comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms
Study of angiopermic families :- Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Cappparidaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae
Unusual secondary growth
Development of male and female gametophytes, fertilization
Endosperm- its development and function
Patterns of embryo development
Polyembroyony and apomixis
Applications of palynology
Experimental embryology including anther culture, embryo culture and test-tube fertilization
5.Plant Resource Development
Domestication and introduction of plants
Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibre, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes, latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery
Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations
Botanical Gardens and Herbaria
6. Morphogenesis
Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation
Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture
Somatic hybrids and Cybrids
Micropropagation
Somaclonal variation and its applications
7. Genetics & Evaluation
Gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
Quantitative genetics and multiple factors
Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiples
Linkage and crossing over
Methods of gene mapping, including molecular maps (idea of mapping function)
Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance, sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation
Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis)
Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility Back cross)
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins
Genetic code and regulation of gene expression; Gene silencing
Multigene families
Organic evolution- evidences, mechanism and theories
Role of RNA in origin and evolution
8. Biotechnology, Molecular Biology and Biostatistics
Use of apomixis in plant breeding
DNA sequencing
Genetic engineering - methods of transfer of genes
Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects
Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding
Tools and techniques - probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH
DNA/gene manipulating enzymes : Endonuclease, exogenase, Ligase, Polymerase, Phosphatase, Transcriptases, transfarases
DNA damage and repair, Gene cloning
Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV)
Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chisquare test)
Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson)
Correlation and regression
9. Physiology and Biochemistry
Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies
Photosynthesis - photochemical relations
photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways
C3, C4 and CAM pathways
Mechanism of phloem transport
Respiration (anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation) - electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Photorespiration
Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis
Lipid metabolism
Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism
Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation; Importance of secondary metabolites
pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome)
Plant movements
Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence
Growth substances - their chemical nature, role and applications in agrihorticulturel
Growth indices, growth movements
Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal)
Fruit and seed physiology
Dormancy, storage and germination of seed
Fruit ripening - its molecular basis and manipulation
10. Ecology and Plant Geography
Concept of ecosystem
Ecological factors
Concept and dynamics of community
Plant succession; Concept of biosphere
Ecosystems
Conservation
Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation)
Plant indicators
Forest types of India - Ecological and economic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry
Endangered plants, endemism, Hot spots, IUCN categories, Red Data Books
Biodiversity and its conservation
Protected Area Network
Convention on Biological Diversity
Farmers Rights and Intellectual property Rights
Concept of Sustainable Development
Biogeochemical cycles
Global warming and climatic change
Invasive species
Environmental Impact Assessment
Phytogeographical regions of India
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